Wide-field surveys will soon be discovering Type Ia supernovae (SNe) at rates of several thousand per year. Spectroscopic follow-up can only scratch the surface for such enormous samples, so these extensive data sets will only be useful to the exten …

We report on new methods for evaluating realistic observing programs that search stars for planets by direct imaging, where observations are selected from an optimized star list and stars can be observed multiple times. We show how these methods bri …

Using the k-means cluster analysis algorithm, we carry out an unsupervised classification of all galaxy spectra in the seventh and final Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release (SDSS/DR7). Except for the shift to rest-frame wavelengths and the normali …

We demonstrate that it is possible to calculate not only the mean of an underlying population but also its dispersion, given only a single observation and physically reasonable constraints (i.e., that the quantities under consideration are non-negat …

In addition to the maximum likelihood approach, there are two other methods that are commonly used to reconstruct the true redshift distribution from photometric redshift data sets: one uses a deconvolution method, and the other a convolution. We sh …

We propose a new definition of cosmic voids based on methods of Lagrangian orbit reconstruction as well as an algorithm to find them in actual data called DynamIcal Void Analysis. Our technique is intended to yield results which can be modelled suff …

A Bayesian analysis of 47 Ursae Majoris radial velocity data confirms and refines the properties of two previously reported planets with periods of 1079 and 2325d. The analysis also provides orbital constraints on an additional long-period planet wi …

Many observations of suprathermal and energetic particles in the solar wind and the inner heliosheath show that distribution functions scale approximately with the inverse of particle speed (v) to the fifth power. Although there are exceptions to th …

The installation of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) will revolutionize the study of high-redshift galaxy populations. Initial observations of the HST Ultra Deep Field (UDF) have yielded multiple z >~ 7 dropout cand …

Context. The sunspots and other solar activity indicators tend to cluster on the surface of the Sun. These clusters very often occur at certain longitudes that persist in time. It is of general interest to find new and simple ways to characterize th …

Aims: This paper tackles important aspects of comet dynamics from a statistical point of view. Existing methodology uses numerical integration to compute planetary perturbations to simulate such dynamics. This operation is highly computational. It i …

One way of revealing the nature of the coronal heating mechanism is by comparing simple theoretical one-dimensional hydrostatic loop models with observations at the temperature and/or density structure along these features. The most well-known metho …

The narrow GD-1 stream of stars, spanning 60° on the sky at a distance of ~10 kpc from the Sun and ~15 kpc from the Galactic center, is presumed to be debris from a tidally disrupted star cluster that traces out a test-particle orbit in the Milky W …

We reanalyse the measurements of parallax, proper motion and line-of-sight velocity for 18 masers in high-mass star-forming regions presented by Reid et al. We use a likelihood analysis to investigate the distance of the Sun from the Galactic Centre …

We address the dual challenge of estimating deviations from Gaussianity arising in models of the early Universe, whilst retaining information necessary to assess whether a detection of non-Gaussianity is primordial. We do this by constructing a new …

A Bayesian network approach for short-term solar flare level prediction has been proposed based on three sequences of photospheric magnetic field parameters extracted from Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Michelson Doppler Imager longitudinal magn …

Aims: We present a new Bayesian non-parametric deprojection algorithm DOPING (Deprojection of Observed Photometry using an INverse Gambit), that is designed to extract 3-D luminosity density distributions ρ from observed surface brightness maps I, …

Within the context of upcoming full-sky lensing surveys, the edge-preserving non-linear algorithm ASKI (All-Sky κ Inversion) is presented. Using the framework of Maximum A Posteriori inversion, it aims at recovering the optimal full-sky convergence …

The paper is based on the notion that the Nyquist frequency νN is a symmetry point of the periodogram of a time series: the power spectrum at frequencies above νN is a mirror image of that below νN. Koen showed that the sum (where tk and tl range …

The standard inflationary model predicts an isotropic distribution of the cosmic microwave background temperature fluctuations. Detection of deviations from statistical isotropy would call for a revision of the physics of the early Universe. This pa …